As penas do galo de Barcelos: infância, trabalho e lazer no vale do Cávado

Abstract

No Vale do Cávado (Barcelos, Portugal) , região de produção tradicional de figurado em argila, a industrialização acelerada veio substituir as unidas tradicionais antigas por unidades de cerâmica ou por microempresas de industria têxtil. As crianças sempre participaram no trabalho, no interior do circulo familiar, efetuando tarefas domésticas variadas, ligadas nomeadamente ao artesanato em barro. a industrialização não libertou as crianças de atividades de natureza económica, acumuladas com os trabalhos escolares. Esta industrialização apenas contribuiu para transferir o contexto de trabalho e a modificar a sua natureza: a criação do figurado cede lugar à produção em série, e a imaginação das crianças é agora condicionada pela repetição mecânica dos gestos na cadeia de produção. O impacto sobre as culturas infantis destas transformações sociais constitui o objeto deste artigo , assente em entrevistas com crianças que trabalham nas cerâmicas do Vale do Cávado.

Dans le Val du Cávado (Barcelos,Portugal) région de production traditionnelle d'artisanat de personnages d'argile, 1'industrialisation accélérée est venue substituer les anciennes unités artisanales (toutefois certaines poteries résistent encore) par des unités industrielles de céramique ou par des micro-entreprises d'industrie textile. Les enfants ont depuis toujours au sein du cercle familial participe au travail, effectuant les tâches domestiques le plus varies, don’t notamment les travaux lies aux poteries familiales. L’industrialisation en cours n'a pas libéré les enfants des activités d'ordre économique, que ceux-ci cumulent avec le travail scolaire. Cette industrialisation en cours a seulement contribué au transfert des contextes de travail et à en changer la nature: la création de statuettes d'argile cède la place à la production en série, et l'imagination des enfants est dorénavant conditionnée par la répétition mécanique des gestes sur la chaîne de production. L’impact sur les cultures propres à 1'enfance de ces transformations sociaux constitue 1'objet de cet article, qui rapporte les conclusions préliminaires d'une recherche en cours ayant pour base les entretiens réalises auprès d'enfants de la région ici considéré. Ce qui toutefois surprendra ]e moins est le fait plus que les transformations concernant les styles de vie, les goûts et les jeux qui ont effectivement lieu - de la participation des enfants aux tâches industrielles se réaliser à partir des cultures de 1'enfance, ce qui conduit, en dépit de l’évolution en cours, au maintien des modalités qui font dépendre les pratiques de travail de l'acceptation socialement partagée d'une certaine définition du rôle productif de l'enfant.

In Cávado valley, the region producing traditional arts and craft of clay figures, the accelerated industrialization is progressively replacing the old potteries - however some of them are still there - into industrial ceramic plants or textile micro-firms (stitch or clothing). Children have always taken part in family activities, performing the most varied home tasks, some of them being carried out in family potteries. The current industrialization has not led to the removal of children from economic activities. Instead, it represents additional work to children who also are in school. In fact the situation has led to different realities and nature of work - the creation of clay figures is being replaced by mass production and children imagination is limited by the mechanical movements in the production line. The impact of these social transformations in childhood cultures represents the subject matter of this text which tells about the preliminary conclusions of current research based on interviews to children from the region of Barcelos potteries. However what is less surprising is the fact that- much more than the transformation in life styles, trends and games which effectively happen - the children participation in industrial tasks is done on a childhood culture basis. From that, it results that though realities have changed, it remains generally agreed and accepted that children have to participate in family work.