Joule-heating effect of thin films with carbon-based nanomaterials

Abstract

Smart textiles have become a promising area of research for heating applications. Coatings with nanomaterials allow the introduction of different functionalities, enabling doped textiles to be used in sensing and heating applications. These coatings were made on a piece of woven cotton fabric through screen printing, with a different number of layers. To prepare the paste, nanomaterials such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to a polyurethane-based polymeric resin, in various concentrations. The electrical conductivity of the obtained samples was measured and the heat-dissipating capabilities assessed. The results showed that coatings have induced electrical conductivity and heating capabilities. The highest electrical conductivity of (9.39 ± 1.28 × 10⁻¹ S/m) and (9.02 ± 6.62 × 10⁻² S/m) was observed for 12% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) GNPs and 5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) (CNTs + GNPs), respectively. The sample with 5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) (CNTs + GNPs) and 12% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) GNPs exhibited a Joule effect when a voltage of 12 V was applied for 5 min, and a maximum temperature of 42.7 °C and 40.4 °C were achieved, respectively. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of GNPs can be replaced by adding CNTs, still achieving nearly the same performance. These coated textiles can potentially find applications in the area of heating, sensing, and biomedical applications.