Bioactive nanocomposite spheres with proved shape memory capability in bone defects

Abstract

Bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNPs) promote an apatite surface layer in physiologic conditions that lead to a good interfacial bonding with bone.1 A strategy to induce bioactivity in non-bioactive polymeric biomaterials is to incorporate BGNPs in the polymer matrix. This combination creates a nanocomposite material with increased osteoconductive properties. Chitosan (CHT) is a polymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin and is biodegradable, non-toxic and biocompatible. The combination of CHT and the BGNPs aims at designing biocompatible spheres promoting the formation of a calcium phosphate layer at the nanocomposite surface, thus enhancing the osteoconductivity behaviour of the biomaterial. Shape memory polymers (SMP) are stimuli-responsive materials that offer mechanical and geometrical action triggered by an external stimulus.2 They can be deformed and fixed into a temporary shape which remains stable unless exposed to a proper stimulus that triggers recovery of their original shape. This advanced functionality makes such SMPs suitable to be implanted using minimally invasive surgery procedures. Regarding that, the inclusion of therapeutic molecules becomes attractive. We propose the synthesis of shape memory bioactive nanocomposite spheres with drug release capability.3

1. L. L. Hench, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1993, 72, 93-98.

2. A. Lendlein and S. Kelch, Angew Chem Int Edit, 2002, 41, 2034-2057.

3. Ã . J. Leite, S. G. Caridade and J. F. Mano, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids (in Press)