ACL treatment in 2016 - controversy and consensus

Abstract

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries has been increasing in the last few decades and, along with it, the number of ACL reconstruction failures has also been growing. To overcome the surgical complications and failures, several developments have been made in regard to the ACL treatment. Nowadays, the ACL reconstruction has become more anatomic and individualized, aiming for the closest replication of the native ACL anatomy and biomechanics. As the knowledge regarding the ACL anatomy and biomechanics moves forward, novel surgical techniques and fixation devices have been developed to keep up the patient’s demands and further prevent the early onset of osteoarthritis. Nonetheless, a considerable number of controversies are still under debate. This review will outline the current concepts of ACL treatment, focusing its consensus and controversies.