Design of an intrinsically safe series-series compensation WPT system for automotive LiDAR

Abstract

The earliest and simplest impedance compensation technique used in inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) design is the series-series (SS) compensation circuit, which uses capacitors in series with both primary and secondary coils of an air-gapped transformer. Despite of its simplicity at the resonant condition, this configuration exhibits a major sensitivity to variations of the load attached to the secondary, especially when higher coupling coefficients are used in the design. In the extreme situation that the secondary coil is left at open circuit, the current at the primary coil may increase above the safety limits for either the power converter driving the primary coil or the components in the primary circuit, including the coil itself. An approach often used to minimize this problem is detuning, but this also reduces the electrical efficiency of the power transfer. In low power, fixed-distance stationary WPT, a fair trade-off between efficiency and safety must be verified. This paper aims to consolidate a simple design procedure for such a SS-compensation, exemplifying its use in the prototype of a WPT system for automotive light detection and ranging (LiDAR) equipment. The guidelines herein provided should equally apply to other low power applications.