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Campo DCValorIdioma
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Jorgepor
dc.contributor.authorBrito, F. P.por
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-01T16:28:28Z-
dc.date.available2020-09-01T16:28:28Z-
dc.date.issued2020-
dc.identifier.citationMartins, J.; Brito, F.P. Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines. Energies 2020, 13, 4086.por
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1822/66677-
dc.description.abstractThe recent transport electrification trend is pushing governments to limit the future use of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). However, the rationale for this strong limitation is frequently not sufficiently addressed or justified. The problem does not seem to lie within the engines nor with the combustion by themselves but seemingly, rather with the rise in greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO<sub>2</sub>, rejected to the atmosphere. However, it is frequent that the distinction between fossil CO<sub>2</sub> and renewable CO<sub>2</sub> production is not made, or even between CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and pollutant emissions. The present revision paper discusses and introduces different alternative fuels that can be burned in IC Engines and would eliminate, or substantially reduce the emission of fossil CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere. These may be non-carbon fuels such as hydrogen or ammonia, or biofuels such as alcohols, ethers or esters, including synthetic fuels. There are also other types of fuels that may be used, such as those based on turpentine or even glycerin which could maintain ICEs as a valuable option for transportation.por
dc.description.sponsorshipINCT-EN -Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção(undefined)por
dc.language.isoengpor
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institutepor
dc.rightsopenAccesspor
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/por
dc.subjectbiofuelspor
dc.subjectfuelspor
dc.subjectsynthetic fuelspor
dc.subjectinternal combustion enginepor
dc.subjectalternative fuelspor
dc.titleAlternative fuels for internal combustion enginespor
dc.typearticlepor
dc.peerreviewedyespor
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/16/4086por
oaire.citationIssue15por
oaire.citationVolume13por
dc.date.updated2020-08-21T13:48:59Z-
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en13164086por
dc.subject.wosScience & Technologypor
sdum.journalEnergiespor
oaire.versionVoRpor
Aparece nas coleções:MEtRICs - Artigos em revistas internacionais/Papers in international journals

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