Vine-pruning wood: a strategic feedstock for integrated circular biorefineries

Abstract

Vine-pruning wood is one of the most abundant yet underutilized lignocellulosic residues generated by vitiviniculture. Unlike previous reviews focused on individual valorization routes, this review provides a comprehensive and systems-level assessment of vine-pruning wood as a strategic feedstock within the framework of the circular bioeconomy and integrated biorefineries. Its lignocellulosic matrix and bioactive compounds enable multiple valorization pathways, including agronomic applications (composting, mulching, and biochar), recovery of high-value bioactive compounds for oenological, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications, and the production of renewable energy carriers, advanced biomaterials, and fibrous products. Particular emphasis is placed on green extraction technologies and cascade biorefinery approaches, highlighting their potential to maximize resource efficiency through the sequential recovery of multiple value streams from a single biomass source. The review also integrates techno-economic assessment, life cycle assessment, and regulatory considerations as key elements for evaluating environmental performance, economic viability, industrial scalability, and industrial implementation. Despite significant progress, major challenges remain regarding technological maturity, process integration, biomass variability, and the deployment of digital and biotechnological tools. Furthermore, the lack of coordinated industrial symbiosis frameworks continues to hinder the transition from isolated valorization routes to fully integrated “zero-waste” systems. This review is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly number 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and with circular bioeconomy policy frameworks by promoting the sustainable and integrated valorization of vine-pruning wood.