Circularity micro-indicators for plastic packaging

Abstract

In the last decades, we witnessed a continuous global increase in the consumption of plastics, with the packaging sector being a large contributor to this effect. However, while plastic packaging presents positive aspects, and is commercially advantageous, its sustainability is a concern. Associated with this, we have a traditional practice of linear economy use of plastic packaging, designed for single-use and with little planning for end-of-life (EOL) management. Because of these factors, boosted by an irresponsible societal behavior with plastic waste, casually thrown in the street or in nature, a global environmental pollution crisis ensued. It is thus imperative and urgent that plastic packaging evolves past its current unsustainable state. To dissociate the use of plastics from direct environmental pollution, preserve and optimize existing resources, and maintain the economic value of polymeric materials, it is vital to increase circularity in the packaging sector. This change can be achieved through circular economy strategies. To evaluate their effect, many assessments and monitoring tools exist, including circularity indicators. However, the plethora of such tools in the literature have mismatched calculation methodologies, take considerable engineering expertise, and focus only on some aspects of the product life cycle. This paper provides an analysis of relevant circularity micro-indicators specifically for the packaging sector, while identifying guidelines and good practices for packaging. This study aims to contribute to the packaging sector transition to a more circular economy.